A Job description is something most of us know about and if you don't already know about yours, then you should find out about it now.
The job description is a statement of the duties and responsibilities relating to a particular job and spells out exactly what tasks you are expected to perform in order to carry out your job effectively.
Your personal document will state what knowledge and experience you should possess and what skills and abilities - at the appropriate level - you should have gained prior to the role being taken up.
Most often these are the same subjects that will come up in your appraisal. See this actual example of a Job Description for a Payroll Administrator in the City of Las Vegas.
The original intention of this document was to ensure you knew, and therefore couldn't complain about, what you had to do. from the union perspective it ensured proper demarcation of duties by the relevant skilled workers.
3 Ways to Use The Job Description to Your Advantage
1. Most organizations will provide you with one as part of their recruitment documentation in advance of someone being hired.
This helps you to prepare for the interview because it tells you exactly what they expect from you. Armed with the information about the job, for the precise job you want makes it very easy to predict the types of questions they will ask you at the interview.
2. When you are busy working in your job, its easy to ignore your job specification as the demands of the job ebb and flow. You may find yourself inadvertently taking on tasks that were not in your original job definition. Thats OK up to a point; but if these new additional tasks mean that you cease to carry out all of your defined tasks, your job could be reclassified (could be good or bad) or find your self in the unenviable position of seeming to have failed in your duties.
Importantly then to take the advantage of your role description you must ensure that you fulfill all your defined responsibilities and use the definitions of your role as the basis of your own personal development plan. Which brings us to the third advantage...
3. At appraisal time you will be assessed against the duties and responsibilities assigned to you in your job definition. To get maximum advantage from this you should keep notes of what you have done against the appropriate areas of your job description. Where you can show that you have exceeded the requirements of your job, you will have the basis for a pay raise negotiation.
So this is a functional document designed to protect both parties to the employment contract, but if you approach it wisely, you can turn a distinct advantage from it. If you don't have one yet, make sure you get one it is your right.